1. Introduction to Geo-Heritage Sites: Pandavula Gutta and Ramgarh Crater

- Both Pandavula Gutta and Ramgarh Crater have been officially declared Geo-heritage sites. This recognition has been bestowed by the respective state governments, thereby preserving the geological legacy of these regions. Pandavula Gutta is the only Geo-heritage site in Telangana while Ramgarh Crater is located in Baran district of Rajasthan.

2. Unravelling the Marvels of Pandavula Gutta

- Pandavula Gutta, situated in Jayashankar Bhupalpally district of Telangana, is a geological spectacle predating the Himalayan hills.

- This site is filled with exceptional rock shelters and reveals evidence of habitation from the Mesolithic period, specifically around 10,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.

- The site houses Palaeolithic cave paintings, dated between 500,000 BCE–10,000 BCE, that provide a glimpse into prehistoric life.

- The cave artworks depict various animals such as Bison, Antelope, Tiger, and Leopard, along with geometric designs and use of different pigments like green, red, yellow, and white.

- Due to its unique topography, Pandavula Gutta is a favoured destination for rock-climbing enthusiasts.

3. Understanding Geo-Heritage Sites and National Geological Monuments

- Geoheritage showcases sites or zones that have remarkable scientific, educational, cultural, or aesthetic value, all the while presenting unique geological features.

- These areas may house exclusive rock formations, fossils, or landscapes that hold immense importance for education, research, cultural significance, or visual appeal. Moreover, they hold potential to contribute to the local and regional economy as eminent tourist destinations.

- The Geological Survey of India (GSI) or respective State governments take steps to protect these sites.

- Established in 1851, GSI is responsible for declaring geo-heritage sites/national geological monuments and maintaining them. This organisation was initially founded with the aim to discover coal deposits suitable for Railways.

- With its headquarters in Kolkata, GSI is attached to the Ministry of Mines. The agency's primary responsibility is creating and updating national geoscientific information, and assessing the potential for mineral resources.