1. Introduction: An Overview of Recent Development

    - Algeria has recently received the official nod to join the BRICS New Development Bank (NDB). 

    - The announcement was made by the Bank's president, Dilma Rousseff, during the bank’s ninth annual meeting in Cape Town. 

    - The BRICS bloc, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, established the bank in 2015 to offer support to infrastructure and sustainable development projects in developing nations and emerging economies.

 

2. Laying Foundation: Algeria's Admission into NDB

    - Algeria's integration is a significant step, following a positive evaluation of its macroeconomic indicators.

    - Since NDB's establishment, membership has grown beyond the founding BRICS nations. 

    - New entrants to the NDB in 2021 include Bangladesh, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and Uruguay.

 

3. Algeria's Economic Impact and Importance

    - Known as Africa's top natural gas exporter, Algeria's admission is forecasted to strengthen its economic growth prospects.

    - NDB's key role is to gather resources for developmental projects, giving an alternate route to traditional global financial institutions such as the World Bank and IMF.

 

4. Revision Point: Key Facts about BRICS for GK

    - BRICS is an acronym representing Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa signifying a group of rising economies.

    - The bloc was initially established as "BRIC" in 2009, and with South Africa's addition in 2010, it became BRICS.

    - The intent behind this group is to bolster cooperation and conversation among member countries on economic, political, and developmental subjects.

    - NDB was established in 2015 to aid infrastructure and sustainable development ventures in BRICS and other emerging economies.

    - BRICS countries collectively make up a significant chunk of global GDP and are pivotal players in international trade.

    - To discuss and coordinate policies on various global issues, BRICS arranges annual summits.

    - NDB has grown its membership further to include countries such as Bangladesh, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and Uruguay in addition to the founding members.

 

5. Future Implications: What to Look For?

    - Algeria's membership could potentially set the stage for other economically promising African nations to join the NDB, marking a shift in global economic dynamics.

    - The statement should be closely watched for its potential to reshape spheres of influence among major power blocs in the global economic framework.

 

 

Navika Sagar Parikrama II: Commending the Indian Navy's Women Power in Maritime Expeditions

INSV Tarini's Second Global Sojourn: A Feather in Indian Navy's Cap

  1. Navika Sagar Parikrama II: An Overview

- Navika Sagar Parikrama II is the second circumnavigation expedition announced by the Indian Navy involving women officers. 

- Lt Cdr Roopa A and Lt Cdr Dilna K represent the indomitable spirit and prowess of women in the Indian Navy. 

- They will commence the gruelling mission on board the Indian Naval Sailing Vessel (INSV) Tarini. 

 

II. The Guiding Force: Cdr Abhilash Tomy (Retd.)

- The brave women officers are being mentored by Cdr Abhilash Tomy (Retd.), an acclaimed circumnavigator and hero of the Golden Globe Race.

- The Golden Globe Race is a prestigious international sailing competition, which mandates solo circumnavigation of the globe without stoppages, exclusively relying on traditional navigation techniques.

 

III. Significance Attached to the Expedition Logo

- The logo for Navika Sagar Parikrama II has a meaningful design. 

- The octagonal shape at the centre symbolises the Indian Navy – reflecting the institutional essence, the sun portrays a celestial body – indicating navigational aids, and the compass serves as a directional tool – guiding the sailors through uncharted and challenging seas.

 

IV. The Historic Expeditions of Indian Navy

- Indian Navy's previous expeditions showcase its prowess in naval maritime expeditions. These include:

  - A trans-oceanic voyage from Goa to Rio de Janeiro passing by Cape Town and wheeling back to Goa.

  - A sailing expedition from Goa to Sri Vijaya Puram (formerly known as Port Blair) and then returning to Goa.

  - A voyage from Goa to Port Louis, Mauritius symbolising maritime partnership.

 

V. Importance From a General Knowledge Perspective

- The flagship initiative like Navika Sagar Parikrama II by the Indian Navy enhances the country's maritime global standing. 

- The Indian Navy's exploration expeditions contribute immensely to strengthening India's position and presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

- The expedition also sets a precedent for women empowerment in the armed forces, highlighting their capabilities in challenging situations and tasks.

- It signifies the application of traditional navigation methods, promoting sustainable marine practices.  

Conclusion: Navika Sagar Parikrama II is not just a naval expedition but a representation of India's growing maritime strength and the vital role of women officers in safeguarding the country's maritime interests.

 

"Nomination of Gingee Fort for UNESCO’s World Heritage Site: A Dive into its Historical and Geographical Significance"

Introduction and Current Relevance

- The Gingee Fort, located in Tamil Nadu’s Villupuram district, has been recently nominated for UNESCO’s World Heritage Site list. 

- This nomination forms part of the 'Maratha Military Landscapes' proposal, which includes a total of 12 forts.

 

Geographical Significance of Gingee Fort

- The fort is situated atop three hilltops: Rajagiri, Krishnagiri, and Chandragiri, which significantly adds to its strategic importance.

- Its enduring reputation as one of the most impregnable fortresses in peninsular India has led to it being referred to as the "Troy of the East."

- The fort's defences, which include a 60-foot-wide rampart and an 80-foot-wide moat, played a crucial role during the Carnatic Wars contested between the French and British.

 

Historical Overview of Gingee Fort

- The fort was originally erected by Ananta Kon of the Konar Dynasty in 1200 CE and was named Krishnagiri thereafter.

- It possessed strategic importance during several significant historical periods, including the Vijayanagar Empire, Maratha dynasty, Mughal rule, French and British occupations.

- Over time, Gingee Fort served as the last stronghold for the Marathas during their resistance against Mughal forces and was controlled by the Nawabs of Arcot and, later, the British.

 

Architectural Features of Gingee Fort

- The fort complex is a treasure trove of architectural marvels, housing several temples, shrines, and significant constructs such as a cannon, clock tower, armoury, elephant tank, granary, and gymnasium.

- The impressive edifices within the fort include the Kalyana Mahal, boasting an eight storey façade, and the Indo-Islamic architectural features in the Krishnagiri Citadel.

- The fort is equipped with sophisticated water supply systems, assuring regular water flow even at the highest points of the fort.

 

About UNESCO World Heritage Sites 

- A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a location recognized for its outstanding cultural or natural importance and significance for humanity.

- As of September 2024, India houses 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, with the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty being the latest addition.

 

Procedure for Nominating a UNESCO's World Heritage Site 

- The process of nomination involves creating a list of significant cultural and natural heritage sites by the country.

- The selected sites are then evaluated by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

- The final decision to include the nominated sites in the UNESCO World Heritage List is made at the annual committee meeting, based on advisory recommendations and criteria fulfilment.

 

"Stepping Into the Future: The Emergence of Smart Proteins"

Introduction and Overview

- "Smart Proteins", considered the food of the future, have recently gained attention in India. The nation's government approved the Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment (Bioe3) Policy, making the production of these proteins a key area of focus. 

 

In-Depth: What are Smart Proteins?

- Alternative proteins, often termed as "Smart Proteins", are derived from unconventional sources like algae, fungi, or insects. They can also be produced through advanced techniques like lab-grown cells and fermentation.

- The spectrum of smart proteins includes plant-based proteins, which are designed to imitate the taste and nutritional aspects of animal products without the requirement of breeding livestock.

 

Environmental Implications of Smart Protein Production

- According to recent data, the production of alternative proteins can substantially minimise the environmental impact compared to traditional meat production.

- The statistics suggest that alternative protein production can save up to 99% water and land, contribute up to 91% less to water pollution, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90%.

 

Significance of Smart Proteins

- The rise in income is directly proportional to the consumption of more proteins. India has witnessed an increase from 9.7% of calories coming from proteins in 1991 to 11% in 2021.

- Smart proteins not only mitigate the risk of zoonotic diseases, ensuring food safety, but also promote ethical consumption patterns. Notably, these proteins align well with the dietary habits of India.

 

Understanding the BioE3 Policy

- The recently approved BioE3 Policy aims at fostering high-performance biomanufacturing.

- The policy aligns with broader national objectives, like achieving a 'Net Zero' carbon economy and propelling sustainable growth, by advancing a circular bioeconomy.

 

GK Aspect:

Historically, alternative protein sources have existed for decades. However, the advent of biotechnology has broadened their production sources, making them integral to plans for sustainable and environment-friendly growth. This shift is also in line with the global trend of moving towards a 'Net Zero' carbon economy. 

The BioE3 Policy is a clear indication of India's commitment to these global trends and practices. By prioritising the production of "smart proteins", India is making its contribution to both environmental protection and the global fight against zoonotic diseases.

 

Sports and Games

India's Remarkable Performance at Paralympics 2024

India's Unprecedented Achievement at Paralympics 2024

  • The Paralympic Games 2024 took place in Paris, drawing global attention to para-athletes. 
  • This year India made history by securing the highest number of medals ever in Paralympic Games, winning 29 medals which include 7 gold, 9 silver, and 13 bronze, earning India the 18th rank. 
  • Having steadily improved its performance over the years, this achievement marks a significant moment in Indian sporting history. 

 

Medal Tally Breakdown and Key Performances

  • India secured 7 gold, 9 silver and 13 bronze medals in this edition of the Paralympics. 
  • Notable performances came from Avani Lekhara who won a gold in shooting, further complemented by Mona Agarwal who clinched a bronze in the same event; these performances marked a historic double podium finish for India. 
  • Additionally, on August 2nd, Kumar Nitesh bagged the first-ever gold medal for India in badminton.

 

The Journey of India at Paralympics 2024

  • The journey to the Paralympics Games 2024 was heralded by meticulous planning, consistent practice, upgraded training facilities and increased support from government and private sectors. 
  • The Paralympic Committee of India in collaboration with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, played an instrumental part in scouting for talent and promoting athletes. 
  • Athletes also benefited from the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) which provided financial assistance, world-class coaching, and international exposure to athletes.

 

India’s Expanded Representation at Paralympics 2024

  • Paralympics 2024 has seen India stepping up its representation with 84 para-athletes, including 32 women athletes. 
  • For the first time, India participated in para-cycling, para-rowing, and blind judo, thus, extending its footprint to 12 out of the total 22 sports at the event. 

In conclusion, the Paralympics 2024 held in Paris was a historical moment for India, uncovering the solid potential and determination of its athletes.

 

President Emmanuel Macron of France Awarded the Prestigious Olympic Order

1. Introduction and About:

   - Emmanuel Macron, President of France, has been honoured with the Olympic Order in gold. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) conferred this prestigious distinction in recognition of his extensive contributions to the Olympic movement. The renowned award recognizes Macron's firm support for the Olympic Games Paris 2024 and his commitment to the Olympic ideals.

   - His crucial involvement symbolised global unity and the power of sports, making the Paris 2024 Olympics a success. 

 

2. Macron’s Support For Paris 2024:

   - As soon as Emmanuel Macron assumed the presidency of France in 2017, he wholeheartedly supported Paris's bid to host the 2024 Olympic Games. 

   - Emmanuel Macron's support was personal and not solely political. His thorough understanding of the Olympic movement and his exceptional vision ably guided the Games' path.

   - Macron’s early comprehension of the Olympics' huge potential to unite the global populace played a significant role in his push for France's candidature.

 

3. IOC President’s Appreciation and Acknowledgment:

   - Thomas Bach, President of the International Olympic Committee, nostalgically recollected his initial meeting with Macron, remarking that Macron brought unparalleled energy and vision to the Olympic project.

   - Bach stated Macron's understanding of the project was comprehensive, and his firm belief in the unifying potential of sports played a critical part in rallying the French public around the Olympic Games.

 

General Knowledge:

 - The Olympic Order in gold is the highest award of the Olympic Movement and is awarded for particularly distinguished contributions to the Olympic Movement, i.e., recognition of efforts worthy of merit in the cause of sport.

 - Pierre de Coubertin was a French educator and historian who founded the International Olympic Committee. He is considered the father of the modern Olympic Games.

 - The Olympic Games Paris 2024 will express global unity and the enduring power of sports, following the key concepts of Macron's leadership.

 - Macron is the current President of France which is located in Western Europe, sharing its border with several countries including Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and Andorra.

 - This event highlights the unique way in which the field of sports can create international solidarity, bringing together nations in peaceful competition. 

In conclusion, President Emmanuel Macron's receipt of the Olympic Order underlines his significant contribution to the Olympic movement and the successful bid for Paris 2024. His recognition extends beyond France, highlighting the influential role sports play in uniting nations regardless of geopolitical disputes.

 

US Open 2024: Landmark Victories in Tennis

Overview of Winners and Runners-up

- The 2024 US Open in Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York City, spanned from August 19 to September 8.

- In the Men's Single category, Jannik Sinner of Italy triumphed over Taylor Fritz of the USA. 

- The Women's Single trophy went to Aryna Sabalenka from Belarus, defeating Jessica Pegula from the USA. 

- The Men's Double was claimed by Australians Max Purcell and Jordan Thompson, leaving Germans Kevin Krawietz and Tim Puetz in the second spot. 

- The Women’s Double was won by Lyudmyla Kichenok from Ukraine and Jelena Ostapenko from Latvia, beating Kristina Mladenovic from France and Zhang Shuai from China.

- In Mixed Doubles, Italians Sara Errani and Andrea Vavassori stood victorious against Americans Donald Young and Taylor Townsend.

 

Milestone Victory for Jannik Sinner

- Jannik Sinner, the current World No. 1, carved history as the first Italian man to win the US Open men's singles title in the Open Era.

- His victory is a significant achievement for Italian tennis and consolidates his position atop the sport.

 

Grand Slam Triumph for Aryna Sabalenka

- Aryna Sabalenka achieved her third Grand Slam title with this US Open victory.

- Her previous titles include the Australian Open women’s singles champion in 2023 and 2024.

- This achievement completes a remarkable trifecta of success for the Belarusian tennis ace.

 

Historical Perspectives

- In the Open Era, Serena Williams and Chris Evert, both from the USA, hold the record for the most US Open women’s singles titles with six victories each.

- In Men's Singles, the record for most victories (five each) in the Open Era is held by Roger Federer from Switzerland, and Americans Pete Sampras and Jimmy Connors.

 

Significance of the Event

- The US Open serves as an important platform for global tennis players to showcase their skills and ambitions.

- The 2024 results reflect the power shift in tennis with rising stars from Italy, Belarus, and Australia, among others.

- These achievements contribute to the nations' standing on the global tennis platform and inspire upcoming tennis players. 

Given the current success of Sinner and Sabalenka, it will be interesting to monitor their performance in upcoming tournaments, their contribution to their respective countries' standings in international tennis, and their potential influence on the future generations of tennis.

 

"Deepali Thapa’s historic win: India's triumphant performance at the Asian Youth Boxing Championships"

I. Introduction:

- Deepali Thapa has carved out a niche for herself in the annals of Indian boxing history by clinching the title at the Asian Youth Boxing Championships, thus becoming the first-ever schoolgirl champion. 

- The iconic event took place in Al Ain, UAE, marking an impressive victory that underscores India's rising talent in women's boxing on the international platform.

 

II. Deepali Thapa's Journey to the Top:

- Thapa competed and triumphed in the 33 kg category, marking her journey to the gold medal as outstanding.

- In the semifinals, her victory over Kazakhstan's Anelya Ordabek displayed her skill and grit.

- In the final bout, Thapa's superior technique and steadfast control dominated the match against Ukraine's Liudmyla Vasylchenko, resulting in her landmark title.

 

III. India’s Stellar Performance in The Championship:

- This Championship became a platform to showcase India’s rich talent in women’s boxing, with multiple victories across several weight classes.

- Notable victories included Bhoomi in the 35 kg category, Nischal Sharma in the 37kg category, and Rakhi in the 43 kg class.

- Laxmi Manjunath Lamani, despite a valiant effort in the 40 kg final, was the only Indian boxer who could not clinch the gold.

 

IV. India's Impressive Medal Tally:

- The women boxers exhibited an impressive performance at the Championship, taking home a total of seven titles.

- This achievement stands as a testament to the flourishing prominence of Indian women boxers in the Asian platform.

 

V. Geography & History:

- Al Ain, an oasis city in the UAE, was the host city for the Asia Youth Boxing Championship– a crucial event in the world of boxing.

- Deepali Thapa’s win is a pivotal moment in India’s boxing history, being the first schoolgirl champion in this event.

 

VI. Significance & Impact:

- Thapa's win is a significant milestone that illustrates the potential and growing dominance of women's boxing in India.

- This historic victory serves as an inspiration for young Indian sportswomen and underscores the country's emerging prowess in the world of sports, especially boxing. 

 

VII. Conclusion:

- Deepali Thapa's feat coupled with a stunning performance by Indian women boxers at the Championships reflects a promising future for Indian women's boxing at an international level.

- These consistent successes are indicative of India's increasing stature in this sport, setting a high bar for future events and competitions.

 

Glasgow Stepping in for Victoria: The Rescue Deal for the 2026 Commonwealth Games

1. Introduction and Overview

 - Glasgow, Scotland,  has been selected to host the 2026 Commonwealth Games, a prominent multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. 

 - The decision comes after several discussions and agreements between the Scottish government and Australian authorities, who pledged significant financial support.

 - This step was taken as a rescue manoeuvre following Victoria, Australia's withdrawal from hosting the event.

  

2. The Victorian Withdrawal: Why it Matters

 - In July 2023, Victoria decided to back out of its initial commitment to host the 2026 Games, attributing the decision to mounting costs.

 - This sudden pull-out raised pertinent questions about where the games would now be held, creating uncertainty for the Games' planning and execution.

 

3. Glasgow as the New Host City: What Sets it Apart?

 - Glasgow is no stranger to the dynamic world of the Commonwealth Games, having successfully hosted the event back in 2014.

 - The city's prior experience, coupled with its proven dedication to sports, puts it in good light for the upcoming 2026 Games.

 - Despite some speculation about the feasibility, most believe Glasgow is well-equipped to navigate the complexities of organising the Games.

 

4. Financial Aid to the Rescue: A Tale of Two Governments

 - The Australian authorities, feeling the responsibility for Victoria's withdrawal, have committed to a generous financial contribution to support Scotland's hosting endeavours.

 - The Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) has pledged nearly $A200 million (£100 million) as part of the owed compensation to assist Scotland in hosting.

 - This contribution demonstrates the collective resolve of the Commonwealth nations to ensure the successful conduct of the Games.

 

5. Final Approval and Alliances: Working Together

 - This rescue deal hinges on formal approval from Commonwealth Games Scotland and the CGF, making both parties key stakeholders in the games' future.

 - Health Secretary and representatives from Commonwealth Games Australia and Commonwealth Games Scotland have been active in discussions, indicating an integrated effort to ensure the Games' success.

  

General Knowledge Insights

 - The Commonwealth Games is an international, multi-sport event which takes place every four years, first started in 1930.

 - Glasgow, famed for its rich history and cultural vibrancy, is the largest city in Scotland and the third largest in the United Kingdom.

 - Australia's state, Victoria, is the most densely populated state and the second most populous state overall. It has hosted the Games twice before, in 2006 (Melbourne) and 1982 (Brisbane).

 - The Commonwealth Games Federation, founded in 1930, is the organisation that is responsible for the direction and control of the Commonwealth Games.



New Appointments

  • Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit assumed the position of Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Central Air Command on 01 September 2024. He was commissioned into the fighter stream of the Indian Air Force (IAF) on 06 December 1986.



  • V. Satish Kumar, previously the director of marketing at Indian Oil Corp. Ltd (IOCL), took up additional duties as chairman in September. This comes after Shrikant Madhav Vaidya completed his tenure as chairman of the state-run oil company.



  • Bharath Sesha has been appointed as the new Managing Director for Philips India, a Dutch multinational conglomerate. The announcement was made effective from September 1.



  • The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has announced the appointment of former India wicketkeeper, Ajay Ratra, as a selector for the men's cricket team. This marks a significant change in Indian cricket's selection process, opening a new chapter in the national team’s selection committee.



  • Senior IAS officer Tuhin Kanta Pandey has been appointed as the Finance Secretary by the government. He is a 1987 batch officer from the Odisha cadre. Currently, he is serving in the Finance Ministry, overseeing two crucial departments: the Departments of Public Enterprises (DPE) and Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM).



  • L’Oreal Paris has made the announcement of welcoming Alia Bhatt as their new Global Brand Ambassador. As the new face for the brand, Alia Bhatt is expected to not only represent the company at a global level but also influence an immense sector of their target audience.



  • On 8th September 2024, veteran sports administrator, Randhir Singh, became the first Indian to be elected as the president of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), marking a milestone in Asian sports history. The election took place during the 44th General Assembly of the continental institution in New Delhi. Singh's tenure will span from 2024 to 2028, with his primary role being to lead the OCA, the peak body for Olympic sports in Asia.

 

  • RS Sharma has been appointed as the Non-Executive Chairperson of the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC). Having held positions such as Director General and Mission Director of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), Chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) and CEO of the National Health Authority, Sharma's new role will guide ONDC into a new phase of growth and innovation.



  • Hockey India has announced that the Hockey Women’s Asian Champions Trophy 2024 will be taking place in Rajgir, Bihar. This major sporting event, scheduled from November 11 to 20, marks a significant step in the development of sports infrastructure in Bihar. The tournament will be held at the newly constructed Rajgir Hockey Stadium, with India set to defend their title against teams from China, Malaysia, Japan, Thailand, and Korea.



  • The President revealed the new flag and insignia of the Supreme Court to mark its 75th anniversary since establishment on 26th January 1950. The emblem prominently features the Ashoka Chakra, the Supreme Court building, and the book of the Constitution of India. Furthermore, the Prime Minister released a commemorative postage stamp highlighting 75 years of the Supreme Court of India.



  • Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) has become the first Indian company to surpass ₹10 lakh crore in annual revenue. The record-breaking turnover of ₹10,00,122 crore (USD 119.9 billion) for the financial year 2023-24 was announced by Chairman Mukesh Ambani at RIL’s Annual General Meeting. The company also posted a net profit of ₹79,020 crore (USD 9.5 billion).



  • POP, a fintech startup, has launched India's first multi-brand co-branded credit card with RuPay and Yes Bank, known as the YEB BANK POP-CLUB RuPay credit card. This innovative card integrates major brands such as Zomato, Blinkit, Cult, Rapido, Cleartrip, and Pharmeasy. The card aims to cater to daily spending areas like e-commerce, groceries, food and beverages, travel, and health and fitness.



  • SBI Foundation has launched the 3rd edition of its Asha Scholarship Program, aimed at supporting 10,000 meritorious students from underprivileged backgrounds across India. The scholarship, ranging from ₹15,000 to ₹20,00,000 annually, covers students from Class 6 to postgraduate levels. The application period is from August 16 to October 1, 2024. Since its initiation in 2022, the program has provided ₹3.91 crore to 3,198 students and targets to contribute to India's vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047.



  • The "Khel Utsav 2024" was organised by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in commemoration of Hockey Legend Major Dhyan Chand’s birth anniversary and in tandem with National Sports Day 2024. The event, in accordance with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, occurred from August 27 to August 30, 2024, at Major Dhyan Chand Stadium and Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi.



  • The Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) is compiled monthly by the Labour Bureau within the Ministry of Labour & Employment. The index is not only crucial in measuring retail inflation but also used in determining the dearness allowance for central/state government employees and industrial sector workers, as well as influencing minimum wage revisions. The inflation rate fell to 3.86% in May 2024, down from 4.42% the previous May. Other forms of CPI submitted by the Labour Bureau and the National Statistical Office include CPI for Agricultural and Rural Labourer and a combined rural/urban index.



  • Mexico, the first country to allow popular election of judges, gained independence from Spain in 1821 and now follows a presidential form of government. It is one of the world's most biodiverse countries, boasting 10% of the global biodiversity and is the 14th largest country by landmass, holding diverse landscapes from deserts to tropical rainforests. Economically, the largest contributor to Mexico's GDP is the service sector, with key industries including finance, tourism, retail and telecommunications, bolstered by rich natural resources such as oil, silver and minerals.



  • Typhoon Bebinca, the most potent typhoon to strike Shanghai since 1949 and the 13th to hit China this year, battered the Chinese east coast, causing millions to remain indoors. It forcefully disrupted transport and the city swung into action, deploying thousands of relief and rescue workers in the Lingang area. The storm caused the relocation of over 414,000 people from Shanghai. Typhoons, a specific type of tropical cyclone, typically form over warm ocean waters in the NorthWest Pacific.



  • HDFC Bank, a leading private bank in India, aims to raise the income of 500,000 marginal farmers earning less than 60,000 yearly by 2025 via its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) scheme, Parivartan. The programme highlights the bank's commitment to sustainable growth and supports vulnerable communities through a focus on skill development, financial literacy, healthcare and hygiene, education, and rural development. Since 2014, Parivartan has been active in 28 Indian states and 8 Union Territories, making it one of the country's largest CSR schemes. In previous CSR efforts, HDFC Bank invested in irrigation, organic farming, scholarship provision, and sanitation drives.



  • The Sharjah Investment Forum (SIF) 2024 marked a significant milestone in global business and technology, hosting over 5,000 attendees from various industries. The event established itself as a platform for knowledge sharing, learning and networking between local and international stakeholders. The highlight of SIF 2024 was the unveiling of the world’s first AI-powered trade licence service, an innovation representing a significant advancement in business facilitation and government services.



  • The Telangana government is planning to create an AI City, aiming to become a global hub for Artificial Intelligence, featuring a dedicated research, development and application centre. An AI School will also be established in the city to foster AI expertise and education, in a project overseen by the Telangana AI Mission in partnership with Nasscom. This initiative will also involve the establishment of Centres of Excellence in collaboration with the private sector, targeting advancements in AI within critical and emerging sectors, and benefiting over 2.5 lakh students and professionals. Furthermore, an AI Research Lab will be set up in affiliation with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), focusing on utilising AI to improve governance services and processes.



  • The Union Cabinet recently approved the Bio-RIDE (Biotechnology Research Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development) scheme. The aim of this scheme is to encourage research, innovation, and entrepreneurship in biotechnology, with a vision to make India a global leader in this field and transform it into a USD 300 billion bioeconomy by 2030. The proposal allocates a budget of ₹9,197 crore for implementation between 2021-22 and 2025-26. Key components include supporting innovation in various biotechnology sectors, nurturing startups, promoting sustainable practices in biomanufacturing, and supporting a circular bioeconomy to develop eco-friendly solutions to tackle climate change.



Quick Headlines

  • The Prime Minister of India recently launched three PARAM Rudra supercomputers in Pune, Delhi, and Kolkata. The supercomputers, part of the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM), are to be used for research in fields such as astronomy, material science, atomic physics, cosmology, and earth sciences. NSM is a joint initiative by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), aiming to network advanced computing systems across India. The mission, launched in 2015, is anticipated to boost research capacities and support the government's 'Digital India' and 'Make in India' initiatives.



  • The Union Ministry of Education has chosen two Bihar educators, Sikendra Kumar Suman and Dr Meenakshi Kumari, for the National Teachers Award 2024. The award ceremony will be held on Teacher’s Day at Vigyan Bhawan in Delhi, where President Draupadi Murmu will felicitate the winners. The award recognises teachers for their exceptional contribution in the field of education, winners receive a ₹50,000 cash prize, a silver medal and a citation. A total of 50 teachers from across India have been chosen for this distinguished award.



  • Hockey India, in a move to boost sports infrastructure in Bihar, has announced that the Women’s Asian Champions Trophy 2024 will be held in Bihar's Rajgir from November 11 to 20. The tournament will occur at the newly constructed Rajgir Hockey Stadium. India will defend their title against teams from China, Malaysia, Japan, Thailand, and Korea.



  • To commemorate the 75th year of its establishment, the President unveiled the new flag and insignia of the Supreme Court, which was established on 26th January 1950. The flag incorporates the Ashoka Chakra, the Supreme Court building, and the book of the Constitution of India. Alongside this, a commemorative postage stamp marking 75 years of the Supreme Court of India was released by the Prime Minister.



  • Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) has become India's first company to go beyond ₹10 lakh crore in annual revenue. This milestone was announced by Chairman Mukesh Ambani at RIL's Annual General Meeting. For the financial year 2023-2024, the company achieved a record consolidated turnover of ₹10,00,122 crore (USD 119.9 billion), and a net profit of ₹79,020 crore (USD 9.5 billion).



  • Fintech startup, POP, established by ex-Flipkart employees, has launched India's first multi-brand co-branded credit card, in collaboration with RuPay and Yes Bank. The 'YEB BANK POP-CLUB RuPay' credit card unifies major brands like Zomato, Blinkit, Cult, Rapido, Cleartrip, and Pharmeasy, catering to significant daily spending areas, such as e-commerce, groceries, food and beverages, travel, and health and fitness.



  • The 3rd edition of the Asha Scholarship Program, initiated by SBI Foundation, aims to support 10,000 promising students from disadvantaged backgrounds nationwide in India. Ranging from ₹15,000 to ₹20,00,000 annually, the scholarship is available to students from class 6 to postgraduate level. Since its inception in 2022, it has already granted ₹3.91 crore to 3,198 scholars. The application period for the next round is August 16 to October 1, 2024, and it includes specialised categories for school, undergraduate, postgraduate, and students enrolled in IITs and IIMs.



  • The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting marked the birth anniversary of Hockey Legend Major Dhyan Chand by organising "Khel Utsav 2024". The event, also in line with the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports’ National Sports Day 2024, ran from August 27 to August 30, 2024. It was hosted at both Major Dhyan Chand Stadium and Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi.



  • The Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) is compiled monthly by the Labour Bureau under the Ministry of Labour & Employment. This index, set out to determine dearness allowance among others, saw inflation moderating to 3.86% in May 2024 from 4.42% a year earlier. Other types of Consumer Price Index include those for Agricultural and Rural Labourers, and a combined Rural/Urban index compiled by the National Statistical Office. These metrics are integral to understanding inflation in retail prices, and for revising minimum wages.



  • Mexico, the 14th largest country globally, has become the first to approve the popular election of judges. Located in North America with its capital in Mexico City, it gained independence from Spain in 1821 and follows a Presidential form of government. A biodiverse nation, it hosts around 10% of the world's species across diverse landscapes from deserts and mountains to tropical rainforests. Its economy is largely dependent on the service sector, contributing approximately 60% to its GDP, with key industries in finance, tourism, retail, and telecommunications.



  • Typhoon Bebinca, the fiercest storm in 75 years to strike Shanghai, caused massive destruction and led to the displacement of over 414,000 residents, necessitating the deployment of thousands of emergency workers. With a maximum wind force reaching 151 km/h, Bebinca is considered the most potent typhoon since 1949 and the 13th to hit China this year. The typhoon, a type of tropical cyclone specific to the Northwest Pacific, led to the grounding of all flights at Shanghai's two main airports and suspension of ferry services and some trains. Typhoon-prone regions include the Philippines, China, Taiwan, Japan, and Vietnam.



  • HDFC Bank, an Indian private sector bank, plans to increase the income of 500,000 marginal farmers earning less than 60,000 annually by 2025 under its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative, Parivartan. One of India’s largest CSR programmes since its 2014 inception, Parivartan targets sustainable growth and upliftment of vulnerable communities. The programme is committed to skill development, financial literacy, healthcare, hygiene, education, and rural development. Recent contributions to CSR activities have seen HDFC invest ₹945.31 crore in FY24, introduce rural development programmes in Varanasi, support organic farming, and grant scholarships to underprivileged students.



  • The Sharjah Investment Forum (SIF) 2024 has recently concluded, attracting over 5,000 attendees including officials, entrepreneurs, and industry leaders globally. The event, held at Al Jawaher Reception and Convention Centre, served as a key platform for knowledge sharing, networking, and learning. The standout feature of SIF 2024 was the launch of the world's first AI-powered trade licence service, seen as a major advancement in business facilitation and government services.



  • The Telangana government intends to construct an AI City, aspiring to become an international hub for Artificial Intelligence (AI). The city will act as a centre for AI research and development, featuring an AI School aimed at fostering expertise and education in AI. Implementation of the AI framework will be overseen by the Telangana AI Mission with Nasscom, and private sector collaboration will set up Centres of Excellence to drive AI in crucial and emerging sectors. The project aims to cultivate talent among the youth, benefitting over 250,000 students and professionals, and a partnership with the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab will establish an AI Research Lab to improve governance services and processes.



  • The Union Cabinet recently approved the Biotechnology Research Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development (Bio-RIDE) scheme with the aim to promote research, innovation, and entrepreneurship in biotechnology. The scheme's ultimate goals are to transform India into a global leader in biotechnology and help the country become a USD 300 billion bioeconomy by 2030. The Bio-RIDE scheme will utilise a budget of ₹9,197 crore during the 15th Finance Commission period (2021-26) to support areas such as synthetic biology and biopharmaceuticals, foster startups, and promote sustainable bio manufacturing practices. Furthermore, it aligns with the Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) initiative to develop eco-friendly solutions for climate change, healthcare, agriculture, and bio-based products.

 

______________________________

 

Important Days

 

  • The Vice-President of India lauded the power of literacy during the International Literacy Day (ILD) 2024 celebrations in New Delhi. The National Education Policy 2020 was praised for empowering youth and recognising linguistic diversity; coupled with the launch of ULLAS DTH Channel to reach remote learners. The roots of ILD are traced to a 1965 conference in Tehran, Iran with the date being officially recognised by UNESCO in 1967. The 2024 theme was "Promoting multilingual education Literacy for mutual understanding and peace," and Indian literacy initiatives such as the New India Literacy Programme, Saakshar Bharat, and Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan were highlighted.



  • Hindi Diwas was celebrated in India on 14th September 2024, marking the 75th anniversary of the adoption of Hindi as the official language. The Union Minister for Home Affairs and Cooperation released a commemorative postage stamp to commemorate this milestone. The Constituent Assembly designated Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union of India on this date in 1949, a decision stemming from the Munshi-Ayyangar formula. Despite some protests, English was also upheld as an official language alongside Hindi following the Official Languages Act of 1963.



  • World Coconut Day (WCD) is celebrated every year on September 2nd to highlight the significance and diverse uses of coconuts. Established by the International Coconut Community (ICC), WCD was first observed in 2009. The ICC represents 21 coconut-producing countries and was formerly known as the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community. The theme for WCD 2024 is "Coconut for a Circular Economy Building Partnership for Maximum Value." Coconuts are beneficial for cardiovascular health, red blood cell production, and offer antioxidant protection. They are extensively cultivated in India, with Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu being the top producing states.



  • India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) observed its 7th Foundation Day on 1st September 2024, recognised for significantly advancing financial inclusion across India since its national launch in 2018. The bank has accumulated over 9.88 crore customer accounts and over 12 lakh merchants. It has also successfully dispersed over ₹45,000 crore in Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) under various government schemes, facilitated mobile number updates for Aadhaar cards for over 7.10 crore customers, and enabled Digital Life Certificate services for over 20 lakh pensioners.



  • Teachers' Day was celebrated in India on 5th September 2024 to mark the birth anniversary of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. The President of India confers the National Teachers’ Award on this day to honour and recognise teachers' contributions. Dr. Radhakrishnan was a notable philosopher, Vice-Chancellor at several universities, first Vice-President and the second President of India. He played a significant role in strengthening the understanding of Hinduism globally and received numerous awards, including the Bharat Ratna and a knighthood from King George V.



  • The 'International Day of Democracy' is an annual event observed on September 15, established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007 to underline the worldwide importance of democracy. The date coincides with the anniversary of the Universal Declaration on Democracy, passed in Geneva on September 15, 1997. It asserts that democracy allows people to freely determine their own political, social and cultural systems and stresses the necessity of their full participation in representative government. Karnataka recently celebrated this day by forming a 2,500-km long human chain symbolising equality, unity, and participative governance. The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), founded in 1889 in Paris to promote democracy and world peace, comprises 179 member parliaments and 13 associate members.



  • The 450th Jyoti Jot Diwas of Sri Guru Amardas Ji, the third Sikh Guru, was recently commemorated. The Sikh guru, born in 1479, was appointed at the age of 73 and institutionalised the 'Guru ka Langar' (communal kitchen), divided the Sikh community into 22 administrative districts, and abolished social injustices including Sati and Purdah. His interaction with Emperor Akbar abolished the toll-tax for non-Muslims. Additionally, he composed 869 verses, constructed a Baoli at Goindwal Sahib, a significant Sikh pilgrimage site, and passed away on 1st September 1574. His legacy continues to inspire the Sikh community today.



  • World Rhino Day is observed annually on September 22nd with the aim to raise awareness about the five endangered rhino species – Javan, Sumatran, Black, Greater One-Horned, and White rhinos. The 2024's theme 'Keep the Five Alive' emphasised the vital importance of preserving all species. Historical records reveal Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur hunted rhinoceros in the northern regions of current India and Pakistan, marked in his autobiography, Baburnama. On this day in 2024, the Prime Minister reiterated the commitment to rhino conservation.



  • The International Day of Sign Languages (IDSL) is annually observed on 23rd September, as decreed by the 2017 UN General Assembly Resolution. The 2024 theme, Sign Up for Sign Language Rights, supports advocacy for sign language rights. The day commemorates the establishment of the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) in 1951, which champions deaf individuals' rights globally. The UN's 2006 Convention acknowledging sign languages as equal to spoken languages was promptly endorsed by India in 2007, where the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) observes IDSL celebrations.