Passage 4
The Indian legal system places a significant emphasis on protecting the rights and welfare of children. the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, is a vital piece of legislation in this regard. It is designed to ensure that children in conflict with the law receive special care, protection, and treatment, with the ultimate goal of their rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
One of the key provisions of the Act is the establishment of Juvenile Justice boards (JJbs) at the district level. these boards consist of a metropolitan magistrate or Judicial magistrate of the first class and two social workers, at least one of whom should be a woman. The primary function of the JJb is to determine the age of the juvenile, the circumstances in which the offense was committed, and whether the juvenile should be sent to a special home or released on probation. The Act makes a clear distinction between a “child in conflict with the law” and a “child in need of care and protection.” A child in conflict with the law is one who has committed anoffense, while a child in need of care and protection is a child who is vulnerable or at risk and requires special care and support.
The Act introduces a unique approach to dealing with children who are in conflict with the law. For children between the ages of 16 and 18, who have committed heinous offenses, they can be tried as adults, subject to a preliminary assessment by the Juvenile Justice board. this assessment considers the child’s mental and physical capacity to commit such an offense. if the board determines that the child should be tried as an adult, the case is transferred to the regular criminal courts.
the Act also places restrictions on the publication of information that could lead to the identification of a juvenile offender. This is done to protect the privacy and future prospects of the child.

1. What is the primary objective of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015?
(A) to punish child offenders.
(B) To rehabilitate and reintegrate children in conflict with the law.
(C) to remove all forms of violence against children.
(d) to increase the age of criminal responsibility.

2. Who makes up the Juvenile Justice board (JJb)?
(A) two Judges.
(b) A metropolitan magistrate and two Lawyers.
(C) A Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class and two Social Workers.
(D) Three Police Officers.

3. What is the role of the Juvenile Justice board (JJb)?
(A) to determine the punishment for juvenile offenders.
(b) to decide whether a child should be sent to a regular prison.
(C) to assess the age and circumstances of the juvenile, and make decisions on rehabilitation.
(d) to prosecute child offenders.

4. What is the distinction between a ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ and a ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ ?
(A) there is no distinction; both terms mean the same thing.
(B) A ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ has committed a crime, while a ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ is vulnerable or at risk.
(C) A ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ is more likely to commit crimes.
(D) A ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ is an adolescent offender.

5. under what circumstances can children between the ages of 16 and 18 be tried as adults?
(A) they can always be tried as adults.
(b) After a preliminary assessment by the Juvenile Justice board.
(C) When they have committed any offense, regardless of the severity.
(d) When they reach the age of 18.

6. What is the purpose of placing restrictions on the publication of information related to juvenile offenders?
(A) to increase the age of criminal responsibility.
(b) to protect the privacy and future prospects of the child.
(C) to encourage public shaming of juvenile offenders.
(d) to help law enforcement track juvenile offenders.