The Historical Grandeur of Nalanda

  • Nalanda, a prestigious ancient learning centre, was rediscovered in the 19th century after fading into oblivion.
  • Emperor Kumaragupta-I of the Gupta dynasty established the university around 427 AD.
  • It reached its zenith under the care of the Pala Kings and the patronisation of the monks of Nalanda by the Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya.
  • Notable subjects taught at the university included music, Sanskrit, astronomy, yoga, Ayurveda, and philosophy.
  • Nalanda was known for its eminent scholars from Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism, such as Aryabhata and Hiuen Tsang.
  • Scholar Hiuen Tsang described Nalanda's thorough admission process and academic atmosphere during his five-year stay in the 7th century.

The Fall and Destruction of Nalanda

  • Nalanda's descent began around 1200 AD when Bakhtiyar Khalji reportedly attacked and plundered the university.
  • The assault led to the significant loss of Nalanda’s vast collection of scriptural and philosophical books.

The Modern Resurgence of Nalanda

  • Recently, Nalanda has been put back on the map with the inauguration of the new Nalanda University Campus in Rajgir, Bihar by the Prime Minister.
  • This contemporary establishment signifies a revival of Nalanda's historical prominence, reinstating its role as an educational hub.

Significance from the GK Perspective

  • For government exams, it is essential to note that Nalanda is a significant archaeological and historical site linked to the Gupta and Pala kings.
  • It's also critical to remember Nalanda's significance in the domains of ancient Indian education and Buddhism.
  • The inauguration of the New Nalanda University symbolises the government's commitment to re-establishing and promoting India's rich historical and educational heritage.
  • From a geography standpoint, knowing Nalanda's location (Rajgir, Bihar) is crucial for exams.
  • It’s noteworthy that the chief subjects taught in ancient Nalanda such as music, Sanskrit, astronomy, yoga, Ayurveda, and philosophy reflect India's diversified educational heritage.