Introduction about Ottawa Landmine Convention

  • The Ottawa Convention is an international agreement enacted in 1997 to prohibit the production, use, transfer, and stockpiling of anti-personnel landmines.
  • Known officially as the Mine Ban Treaty, it obliges its signatories to destroy any stockpiles of these weapons within a 4-year period and assist victims affected by landmines.
  • Aimed at mitigating civilian harm due to landmines that remain lethal long after conflicts end, the convention has 164 states as members.
  • However, notable global powers such as the US, Russia, and India have not yet joined due to various strategic considerations.

 

Motivation behind the Convention and its Scope

  • Landmines, concealed explosive devices activated either by proximity or pressure, inflict harm or injury, especially to individuals and soldiers.
  • The Ottawa Convention aims to eradicate the usage of anti-personnel landmines but does not regulate the use of anti-vehicle mines intended to destroy or damage vehicles.
  • It was finally adopted at the Diplomatic Conference that took place in Oslo on 18th September 1997 and came into force from 1st March 1999.

 

Current Scenario and Reason for Withdrawal

  • The recent withdrawals from the Ottawa Convention by NATO members - Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, have made headlines.
  • Their decision stems from increasing security threats from Russia amidst the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and potential risks from a ceasefire that may allow Russia to re-arm.